Cold+War-The+Early+Years

C opy this page onto a new page in your online notebook. To get an overview of the origins of the Cold War, begin by reading [|Allies to Enemies: Origins of the Cold War] from ABC-CLIO. **Use pages 794-799 in //Creating America// and** **[|“The Cold War” research list on ABC-CLIO]** **to** **develop a complete description** **for each event or idea from the early years of the Cold War.** **This information will help set the stage for tomorrow's activity. Use the first entry as an example for detail.**

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 * **THE YALTA CONFERENCE**
 * Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe
 * Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies
 * Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections
 * United Nations will be formed
 * USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet freindly"
 * the roots of the Cold War are established || [[image:turningpoints2010/yalta.jpg align="center" caption="yalta.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010/un.gif align="center" caption="un.gif"]] || **THE UNITED NATIONS**
 * serves as watchdog
 * composed of General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat
 * to peacefully “talk out” all disputes amongst countries
 * World Court/ International Court of Justice (ICJ) serves as an internal court system of UN
 * many major cases determined in UN ||
 * **CONTAINMENT ([|Video available] -** username mtaft, password usm**)**
 * policy first used by US in 1947
 * stop spread of communism
 * uses political, economic, and diplomatic methods
 * used to prevent growth of hostile country’s territory and limit the country’s influence
 * military and nonmilitary ways to contain communism || [[image:turningpoints2010/kennan.jpg align="center" caption="kennan.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010/truman.jpg align="center" caption="truman.jpg"]] || **THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE ([|Video available]-**
 * foreign policies doctrine
 *  “mandated an active role for the United States in containing the spread of communism around the world”
 * laid groundwork for Marshall Plan
 * persuading people to help secure democratic governments around the world
 * asking for permission to give $400 million to Greece and Turkey
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">promised aid to people struggling to resist threats to democratic freedom ||
 * **THE MARSHALL PLAN** **([|Video available]-**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">made by George C. Marshall (Truman’s Secretary of State)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">intended to limit Soviet control
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">start European reconstruction, and restore balance of superpower
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">basically aid package for Europe
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">not against a country, against evils (hunger, poverty, chaos, etc.)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Soviet Union invited to participate
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">help economy in Europe and US
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">16 countries took part
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Great Britain really prospered
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">won Peace Prize for it
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">offered $13 billion in aid || [[image:turningpoints2010/marshall.jpg align="center" caption="marshall.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010/airlift.jpg align="center" caption="airlift.jpg"]] || **THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT ([|Video]****[|available]**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“massive transfer of essential supplies flown into Berlin, Germany during 1948 and 1949 by British and U.S. forces”
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">important part of the cold war and the most extreme peacetime military operation
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Soviet forces harassing ground transportation, halting rail transportation and preventing supplies from entering the German lines and in the country
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Operation Vittles - American planes dropping candy from the planes
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">lay within Eastern zone, divided city
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Germany became divided
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2.3 million tons of food sent
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">basically dropping food from planes ||
 * **NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">North Atlantic Treaty Organization
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">US, Canada, 10 European nations
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Warsaw Pact was response by Soviet Union
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">mutual defense alliance
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">originally anticommunist alliance
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">US assumed main power/role as other countries focused on rebuilding themselves from WWII
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">endorses production of chemical weapons
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">internal debates over endorsing nuclear warfare
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #121917; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Berlin Wall described as the "ultimate symbol for NATO's existence” || [[image:http://www.allrussias.com/images/map_coldwar_big.jpg caption="external image map_coldwar_big.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010/19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg align="center" caption="19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg"]] || **THE RED SCARE, THE ROSENBERGS, AND HUAC ([|Video available]-** username
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">red scare was fear of communism
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">first after WWI
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">then during cold war (many events)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rosenbergs charged of espionage (couple- man and wife)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">members of of American Communist Party
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">convicted of passing atomic secrets to Russians
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">executed in 1953
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">investigate communist activity in US
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">targeted entertainment industry
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">blacklisting destroyed people’s careers ||
 * **COMMUNISM IN CHINA**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">saw movement of UN forces into North Korea as a threat to China’s security
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Chinese Communist troops attacked North Korea
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">General MacArthur requested permission to blockade and bomb China (Truman refused) || [[image:turningpoints2010/PRCFounding.jpg align="center" caption="PRCFounding.jpg"]] ||
 * || **THE KOREAN WAR**

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 * No need to take notes - you will have a different assignment and activity** ||
 * MCCARTHYISM ([|Video available]- username mtaft, password usm**)**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Joseph McCarthy
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Republican senator from WI
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">term for reckless charges against innocent citizens, with little evidence or unethical tactics || [[image:turningpoints2010/180px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg align="center" caption="180px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010/1sputnik.jpg align="center" caption="1sputnik.jpg"]] || **THE SPACE RACE ([|Video available]-** username mtaft, password usm**)**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">superpowers began it
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Soviet Union stunned world by launching world’s first space satellite
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">sent Sputnik into orbit around earth
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">meant Soviet Union has a missile powerful enough to reach the US
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">American scientists raced to launch a satellite
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Congress put billions of dollars aside for space research ||